Menguak Alasan di Balik Arus Migrasi dari Desa Hilidaura Kecamatan Mandrehe Barat Nias Barat
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62138/grjg0s07Keywords:
migrasi tenaga kerja, ketidakstabilan pendapatan, faktor ekonomi, keterampilan lokal, diversifikasi ekonomi, desa Hilidaura, Mandrehe Barat, Nias BaratAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak ketidakstabilan pendapatan keluarga di Desa Hilidaura yang mendorong migrasi tenaga kerja, mengidentifikasi faktor ekonomi utama yang memengaruhi keputusan migrasi, serta mengeksplorasi strategi peningkatan keterampilan lokal guna mengurangi arus migrasi. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan 15 informan yang dipilih secara purposive. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketergantungan pada sektor agraris yang sangat rentan terhadap fluktuasi cuaca dan harga menyebabkan ketidakstabilan pendapatan, yang memicu keputusan keluarga untuk bermigrasi. Selain itu, keterbatasan lapangan kerja lokal dan daya tarik upah yang lebih tinggi di luar daerah turut memperkuat keputusan tersebut. Strategi yang direkomendasikan meliputi diversifikasi ekonomi dan pelatihan keterampilan berbasis kebutuhan lokal, yang diharapkan dapat membuka peluang kerja baru. Kesimpulannya, menciptakan peluang kerja lokal yang berkelanjutan dan meningkatkan keterampilan masyarakat secara signifikan dapat mengurangi arus migrasi dan memperbaiki kesejahteraan masyarakat setempat.
References
Adisasmita, R. (2006). Pembangunan Pedesaan dan Perkotaan (2nd ed.). Graha Ilmu.
Ambapour, S. (2015). The Todaro Paradox: An Econometric Test Using Data from Congo. Modern Economy, 06(08), 881–887. https://doi.org/10.4236/me.2015.68083
Andhykha, R., Handayani, H. R., & Woyanti, N. (2018). Analisis Pengaruh PDRB, Tingkat Pengangguran, dan IPM Terhadap Tingkat Kemiskinan di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Media Ekonomi Dan Manajemen, 33(2). https://doi.org/10.24856/mem.v33i2.671
Barrett, C. ., Reardon, T., & Webb, P. (2001). Nonfarm income diversification and household livelihood strategies in rural Africa: concepts, dynamics, and policy implications. Food Policy, 26(4), 315–331. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-9192(01)00014-8
Bernard, H. R. (2017). Research Methods in Anthropology: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches (6th ed.). Rowman & Littlefield.
Brinkmann, S., & Kvale, S. (2015). InterViews: Learning the Craft of Qualitative Research Interviewing (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications Ltd.
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2022). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (6th ed.). SAGE Publications, Inc.
de Haas, H. (2021). A theory of migration: the aspirations-capabilities framework. Comparative Migration Studies, 9(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-020-00210-4
Ellis, F. (2000). Rural Livelihoods and Diversity in Developing Countries. Oxford University PressOxford. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198296959.001.0001
Gupta, M. R. (1984). Migration, unemployment and development. Economics Letters, 16(1–2), 177–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1765(84)90160-5
Haggblade, S., Hazell, P., & Reardon, T. (2010). The Rural Non-farm Economy: Prospects for Growth and Poverty Reduction. World Development, 38(10), 1429–1441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2009.06.008
In-hee, L. (2021). Change of Rural Development Policy in South Korea after Korean War. Journal of Regional and City Planning, 32(2), 130–149. https://doi.org/10.5614/jpwk.2021.32.2.3
Jong, G. F. De, & Gardner, R. W. (Eds.). (2013). Migration Decision Making: Multidisciplinary Approaches to Microlevel Studies in Developed and Developing Countries (Pergamon policy studies on international development) (Kindle Edi). Pergamon.
Khoirunnisa, F., & Maruf, A. (2019). Analisis Pola Penggunaan Remitansi Serta Dampaknya Terhadap Perkembangan Daerah Asal: Studi Kasus Pada Desa Widarapayung Wetan, Kecamatan Binangun, Kabupaten Cilacap, Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Journal of Economics Research and Social Sciences, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.18196/jerss.030105
Kirkpatrick, C., & Barrientos, A. (2004). THE LEWIS MODEL AFTER 50 YEARS. The Manchester School, 72(6), 679–690. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9957.2004.00429.x
Klocker, N., & Dun, O. (Eds.). (2019). Population, Migration and Settlement in Australia and the Asia-Pacific: In Memory of Graeme Hugo (1st ed.). Routledge.
Lase, D., Zega, T. G. C., Daeli, D. O., & Zaluchu, S. E. (2022). Parents’ perceptions of distance learning during COVID-19 in rural Indonesia. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 16(1), 103–113. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v16i1.20122
Lee, E. S. (1966). A theory of migration. Demography, 3(1), 47–57. https://doi.org/10.2307/2060063
Lloyd-Jones, T., & Rakodi, C. (2014). Urban Livelihoods. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781849773805
Massey, D. S. (1990). Social Structure, Household Strategies, and the Cumulative Causation of Migration. Population Index, 56(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.2307/3644186
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications, Inc.
Moleong, L. J. (2017). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Remaja Rosdakarya.
Morduch, J. (1994). Poverty and Vulnerability. The American Economic Review, 84(2), 221–225. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2117833
Özdoğru, A. A. (2011). Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory. In Encyclopedia of Child Behavior and Development (pp. 300–301). Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79061-9_940
Pangiuk, A. (2018). PENGARUH PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI TERHADAP PENURUNAN KEMISKINAN DI PROVINSI JAMBI TAHUN 2009-2013. ILTIZAM Journal of Sharia Economic Research, 2(2), 44. https://doi.org/10.30631/iltizam.v2i2.160
Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods: Integrating Theory and Practice (4th ed.). SAGE Publications, Inc.
Pike, A., Rodriguez-Pose, A., & Tomaney, J. (Eds.). (2020). Handbook of Local and Regional Development (1st ed.). Routledge.
Portes, A. (1998). Social Capital: Its Origins and Applications in Modern Sociology. Annual Review of Sociology, 24(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.24.1.1
Putnam, R. D. (2001). Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community (1st ed.). Touchstone Books by Simon & Schuster.
Rakotonirina, J. D., & Cheng, J. (2015). Research on the Impacts of Rural-to-Urban Migration on Demographic Characteristics Regarding Economic Development in Madagascar. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 05(06), 335–350. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajibm.2015.56034
Ravenstein, E. G. (1885). The Laws of Migration. Journal of the Statistical Society of London, 48(2), 167. https://doi.org/10.2307/2979181
Reardon, T., & Taylor, J. E. (1996). Agroclimatic shock, income inequality, and poverty: Evidence from Burkina Faso. World Development, 24(5), 901–914. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750X(96)00009-5
Rosenzweig, M. R., & Stark, O. (1989). Consumption Smoothing, Migration, and Marriage: Evidence from Rural India. Journal of Political Economy, 97(4), 905–926. https://doi.org/10.1086/261633
Sasmi, C., & Bachtriar, N. (2017). Analisis Migrasi Internasl di Sumatera Barat: Suatu Kajian Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Migrasi Masuk Ke Kota Padang [Universitas Andalas]. http://repo.unand.ac.id/5114/
Setyawardani, D. T. R., Paat, C. J., & Lesawengen, L. (2020). DAMPAK BANTUAN PKH TERHADAP MASYARAKAT MISKIN DI KELURAHAN BUMI NYIUR KECAMATAN WANEA KOTA MANADO. HOLISTIK: Journal of Social and Culture, 13(2), 1–14. https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/holistik/article/view/29324
Simanjuntak, P. J. (1998). Pengantar Ekonomi Sumber Daya Manusia. Lembaga Penerbit Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Indonesia.
Stalker, P. (2002). Migration Trends and Migration Policy in Europe. International Migration, 40(5), 151–179. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2435.00215
Stark, O. (1991). The Migration of Labor. Blackwell Pub.
Todaro, M., & Smith, S. (2020). Economic Development (13th ed.). Pearson.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Juwita Ratnasari Hia, Eliyunus Waruwu, Jeliswan Berkat Iman Jaya Gea, Robin Markus Putra Waruwu (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
